Thursday, March 2, 2017

Four Reasons Why the 1910 Census is My Favorite

[Note: My Kith N Kin is moving! Though this site will remain open, new genealogy techniques, articles, and more will now be posted to The Genealogy Reporter. Come on over and subscribe!]

If you ask most genealogists what their favorite U.S. census is, they would probably answer 1900. The 1900 census is indeed a good one, after all, it is the only one that gives us the month and 'exact' year of birth.

But if you ask me, the U.S. 1910 census is my favorite. Here are four reasons why. And, read to the end to learn how to search the U.S. censuses for free using FamilySearch.org.

1. Column 8 records "Marital Status." In the past, this column would be recorded with the following abbreviations:
a. M for married
b. S for single
c. D for divorced
d. Wd for widow
But in 1910, the enumerator was given further instructions: Enumerators [will] enter "S" for single, "Wd" for widowed, "D" for divorced, "M1" for married person in their first marriage, and "M2" for married persons in their second or subsequent marriage.

This is particularly helpful for those wondering or looking for a possible earlier spouse. Further, when paired with question #9, how many years married, you can determine when the first or subsequent marriage happened, and about when the prior spouse died (or left if there was a divorce.)



In this image above, we see James Winn has a "M2" in the marital column. That means he is in his second marriage. In the next column, the number 9 refers to the fact he and Lizzie have been married 9 years. If they had been married for nine years in 1910, they were married about 1901. This information also suggests daughter Florence and son Franklin are not the children of Lizzie because of their ages. (We confirm this in reason #2 below.)

It also suggests James' first wife may have died between the years of 1895 and 1901, which are the years between the birth of son Franklin and James' marriage to Lizzie. Putting all this together is very helpful and gives us some direction as to when and what records to look for next. Examples may be, a marriage record for James prior to the birth of Florence, a death record for James' first wife between 1895 and 1901, or a marriage record for James and Lizzie in about 1901.

2. Column 10 and 11 ask how many children have been born to a woman and how many are still living. In the case of James and Lizzie Winn, Lizzie has had 0 children and 0 are living which supports the fact that Florence and Franklin are not her children.

In contrast and shown in the case below, Margarett Cole has had 12 children and only 6 are living.



Finding my great-grandmother Margarett in this census told me I had my work cut out for me finding the names and dates of 6 deceased children. (Learn how I did that, here.)

3. There's a 'secret' Indian Schedule hiding in the back of the 1910 census. Yep, you read that right. There was a Indian Population Schedule in the year 1910. Complete with its own instructions, this census sheet can be found at the end of the microfilm of a given location if there were those who claimed Indian ancestry.

Not only will you find the name of each individual in the household, their relationship to the head-of-household, their age, marital status, and place of birth, but you will find additional columns indicating their Native American tribe affiliation and percentage of blood.

Top half of Indian Population Schedule. Screenshot from Ancestry.com
Bottom half of Indian Population Schedule. Screenshot from Ancestry.com
This above record was found at the back of the Rose Hill, Lee County, Virginia 1910 census.

[Disclaimer: This one record does not prove Native American ancestry, but can be an indication to look into it further. For more in-depth information on searching for your Native American ancestry, see the article here.]

4. The 1910 census was the second census to ask immigration questions. Beginning in 1900 and continuing through until 1930, the U.S. federal censuses asked citizenship questions. In 1910, the following questions were asked:

Column 15: Year of immigration to the U.S.
Column 16: Whether naturalized or Alien
Column 17: Whether able to speak English; or, if not, language spoken

In this example below, you can see the Nemet (aka Nimeth) family.

Notice, Joseph arrived in the U.S. in 1901 and is listed as an Alien. Rosa (his wife) arrived in 1903 and has no naturalization status listed. This is because prior to 1922, a wife would not "need" to be naturalized. She would acquire 'derivative citizenship' when her husband became naturalized.[1]

These citizenship questions will help you more easily find the passenger lists and naturalization records for those that wished to apply. For more information on how to find and use the great information contained in naturalization records, read here.

U.S. censuses are jam packed with genealogical goodies. Take another look at your targeted ancestor with these insights and see if a new clue pops up!

Searching the Censuses for Free on FamilySearch.org

For those of you not familiar with FamilySearch.org, you can see the digital images of the U.S. censuses online there for free. To easily access a specific census, go to www.familysearch.org and create a free account or sign-in.

Now, click "Search" and choose "Records" from the pull-down menu.

You will land on the main search page. Scroll down and in the search field to the right labeled "Collection title," type in United States Census. A list of all the censuses will be provided in the pull-down options for you to choose from.


Choose the census you wish to look at by clicking. You will then be able to run a search by name and place.

Did you hear about the secret hiding in the 1840 U.S. census? It's a brick wall buster for sure and particularly helpful for those searching for their Revolutionary War ancestors. Read about it, here.


[1] "United States Naturalization Laws," article online, FamilySearch Wiki (https://familysearch.org/wiki/en/United_States_Naturalization_Laws : accessed 1 Mar 2017); citing item titled "Act of February 10, 1855" and "Act of September 22, 1922 (Cable Act)".

Thursday, February 23, 2017

The Secret Hiding on the 1840 U.S. Census

[Note: My Kith N Kin is moving! Though this site will remain open, new genealogy techniques, articles, and more will now be posted to The Genealogy Reporter. Come on over and subscribe!]


As an avid genealogist, you likely know the first U.S. census to include the names of all the persons in a household was 1850. Before that, the federal census only named the head-of-household, and the other members of the family were simply a tic mark in the appropriate age and gender columns.

Hidden Secret in the 1840 U.S. Census

But, there is a secret hiding on the 1840 U.S. census. On the back of this census, the enumerators recorded those who were receiving Revolutionary War and other service pensions by name and age. The lists also named the head-of-household in which the individual was residing.

These lists were published in A Census of Pensioners for Revolutionary or Military Services; with their Names, Ages, and Places of Residence, as Returned by the Marshals of the Several Judicial Districts, under the Act for Taking the Sixth Census and you can review this publication for free at several online book repositories, like Internet Archive. The book is organized by state, then county.

Better yet, you can search the list quickly by name at the Findmypast database titled "1840 United States Census, Revolutionary War Veterans," which is a bit easier in my opinion.

If you don't have a subscription to Findmypast, you can also see the digital images of this census at Ancestry.com. At Ancestry, you will need to search the 1840 U.S. census directly. You can search for the Veteran's or widow's name, and filter by county, and state. You will first see the transcription.


Screenshot from Ancestry.com

As you can see, he is listed as the "Veteran." When you click on the image, you are taken to the second 'page' of sheet 183 (stamped). Here you can see Stephen Googins, age 86 is listed.


Screenshot of 1840 census from Ancestry.com

To determine whose home he is living in, you will need to view the page prior.


Screenshot from 1840 census at Ancestry.com


As you can see above, Stephen Googins was living in the home of Alexander Googins of York County, Maine.

Why is this Information Important

This is a great piece of information. First of all, the Veteran is likely a Revolutionary War Veteran due to his age. If he is your ancestor, he is your ticket into the DAR (Daughters of the American Revolution.) Though this census would not be considered a primary source for a parent/child relationship between Stephen and Alexander, it certainly qualifies as a piece of indirect evidence of some sort of relationship.

As I mentioned before, not only were the Veterans' themselves listed, but if their widow was receiving the pension instead, she was listed by name and age. Here is an example of Abigail Hobbs, age 72 living in the home of James Hobbs.


Screenshot of 1840 census at Ancestry.com

Finding named women with ages is almost unheard of prior to 1850, so this is a pretty big deal!

If you are unsure there is a veteran in your family pedigree, take a look at several of your targeted ancestors in the 1840 census. This might be the brick wall buster you have been searching for!

For more helpful articles on genealogy techniques, you may enjoy:
"Courthouse Research from Home"
"Protect Your Work: Genealogy Insurance"

FREE video tutorials online at YouTube:
"Finding Unindexed Records on FamilySearch"
"Three Ways to Find a Birth Date"

Are you a member of Legacy Family Tree Webinars? If you are, head on over to the site to view one of my three online webinars:
"Crowdsourcing with Social Media to Overcome Brick Walls"
"Enriching Your Family History Through Pictures and Stories"
"Tech Savvy Scrapbooking and Journaling for Family History"


Tuesday, February 14, 2017

RootsTech: The Great Genealogy Pilgrimage

[Note: My Kith N Kin is moving! Though this site will remain open, new genealogy techniques, articles, and more will now be posted to The Genealogy Reporter. Come on over and subscribe!]

It's that time of year again. RootsTech 2017 was a big success!


RootsTech, the largest genealogy conference in the world, could be considered the great genealogy pilgrimage. Some 20,000 plus genealogists of all levels and all places around the world, gather in Salt Lake City every February to learn, educate, see what's new, and socialize with like-minded individuals.

This year was no different and I wanted to bring you three things I gleaned from RootsTech 2017.

1. Lots of newbies. Wow. I was amazed at how many people came by the Genealogy Gems booth to say that they were new to genealogy. I wondered, "What is it that is inspiring more people to want to search out their family history?" Perhaps one reason may be the DNA craze. I think the AncestryDNA commercials are really making an impact on television watchers. And, AncestryDNA autosomal DNA kits were at the low cost of $49.00 at RootsTech! People were going nuts buying these DNA tests!

Not only were they buying AncestryDNA kits, but the other big name tests as well; MyHeritage DNA, 23andMe, and FamilyTreeDNA. I was reminded in a lecture by Diahan Southard, that it is important to test with as many DNA companies as you can. (See her RootsTech lecture, here.) This is because you don't know which of your matches, or long lost cousins, is swimming in what pond. In other words, if you only test with AncestryDNA and a key cousin has only tested with 23andMe, you may never find each other! Of course, that's where GEDMatch comes in. I will let you read more about that, here.

2. There's an app for everything. We joke about "There's an app for that," but it is really true. Genealogists are finding new ways to use apps for finding, sharing, and preserving their genealogy. The Innovator Showdown, held the day before the main events, is a group of innovators from around the world competing for $190,000 in prizes. This year, it was OldNews USA that one first prize.

OldNews USA was designed for both the genealogist and the history enthusiast. It makes getting started with historical newspaper research easy. You can learn more about OldNews USA, here. And, for even more tips on how to find and use newspapers for your genealogy research, read Lisa Louise Cooke's digital ebook titled "How to Find Your Family History in Newspapers."


One of my two lectures at RootsTech this year included a class titled "Crowdsourcing with Social Media for Genealogy." I focused on using Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest for genealogy and how using these apps/websites allows you to crowdsource and overcome your biggest genealogy brick walls. If you are a member of Family Tree Webinars, you can see my lecture for free. If not, you can download my lecture for a small fee, here.

The bottom line is, our mobile devices and access to the internet is changing the face of genealogy.

3. Family history makes people cry. Oh my goodness. I have never felt such a strong spirit during a keynote address than I did when Lavar Burton spoke. It resonated with so many of us. He was presented with his family history by my friend, Thom Reed. When that happened, there wasn't a dry eye in the room. I mean it! You can watch a bit of Lavar's address, here.

Family history is a powerful and deeply meaningful activity, which is why I believe it has the power to change our lives. Learning of our ancestors and their stories will help us better understand ourselves, our circumstances, and our future.

Planning for RootsTech 2018

If you have a chance to start saving and planning for next year's great genealogy pilgrimage (RootsTech 2018 - Feb. 28 - Mar. 3,) I encourage you to do it. If you didn't know, there are even some ways to attend for FREE. Many genealogy bloggers offer prize drawings for free tickets to RootsTech and even better, you can apply for grants and scholarships to help defer the cost.

Cyndislist has a large list of opportunities for genealogy monies. Some of these are scholarships, some are grants, and others are awards. Thomas MacEntee of High-Definition Genealogy offers a monthly grant called The Genealogy Fairy. This grant provides individuals and organizations that are pursuing "worthwhile genealogy projects" a $500 amount to pursue that goal. You could apply for any of these and use that money towards your trip to RootsTech...a very worthwhile genealogy goal in my mind!

RootsTech is the place to be and I hope to see you there next year, friends!

One more thing. If you have a brick wall in your research, attending classes at RootsTech (in person or virtually) will bring them down. Just look how much I've learned by clicking on any of the titles below:

"Pension Applications vs. Pension Application Files"
"Finding Missing Children in Your Family History"
" 'Finished' Family Line is Questioned"




Tuesday, January 3, 2017

A Genealogy Facebook Frenzy

[Note: My Kith N Kin is moving! Though this site will remain open, new genealogy techniques, articles, and more will now be posted to The Genealogy Reporter. Come on over and subscribe!]

Do you use Facebook for genealogy and family history? It might seem strange, but if you think about it, using a Facebook group to ask your most challenging questions is like asking thousands of people all at once. Surely, someone knows something...right?



10 Genealogy Facebook Groups You Need to Join

There are literally dozens of great Facebook groups dedicated to genealogy. Many of them have different purposes. There are Facebook groups for genealogy related technology, genealogy software, genealogy scrapbooking, geographical areas, and groups for genealogy sharing.

Here is a list of nine top Facebook groups for genealogy and family history and why I love them. [Note: This list is not in any order]

1. FamilySearch Research Communities: These groups are categorized by geographical area and reach all over the world. I like them because there are people trolling the site all hours of the day and night just waiting to answer your questions. They have a particular focus on using FamilySearch.org for records. This is great because FamilySearch.org is free and learning to really utilize their extensive record collections is an amazing tool.

2. Technology for Genealogy: This is a must-join when you are trying to keep up-to-date on all the tech gadgets, apps, and so forth for genealogy. No need to call a help line for that new genealogy software you bought, just ask your question and get an answer in 3 seconds flat! (Okay, maybe not quite that quick.) Or, you can poll nearly 20,000 people in this group and get their opinion before purchasing your next scanner for digitizing family photos - that's a big help.

3. Genealogy! Help Me!: A new Facebook group dedicated to all things genealogy. You can ask your questions and get your answers from lots of really knowledgeable genealogists. Whether it is a brick wall question or a "where can I learn more about...", you will find it here. In particular, this is an education based group with links to how-to articles, YouTube videos, and webinars. They share all sorts of great content to help genealogist's of all skill levels. If there is some great free or new resource for genealogy, you'll hear about it here. [I am the creator of this group.]

4. Genealogy Bloggers: Hosted by Janice Webster Brown, this group is especially for sharing blog content. I like to go here to share my own blog posts, but to also read others blogs for inspiration. When I am feeling overwhelmed in my own work or just need some "down time," I shoot over there and read to my hearts content.

5. GeneaBloggers: This group is hosted by Thomas MacEntee. When it comes to learning the ins and outs of how to keep a family history blog, Thomas is the go-to guy. At this group, you can ask your questions regarding the specific topic of how to create and maintain a family history blog.

6. Genealogy! Just Ask!: Actually, this is a series of Facebook groups. They are set up by location. You can find just about any place you need. There's Kentucky Genealogy! Just Ask!, Germany Genealogy! Just Ask!, and everything in between. It's super helpful for asking specific questions regarding the types of records available for any given state or country. It was particularly helpful when learning about resources in State archives. Also, very beneficial when beginning your research overseas.


7. Genealogy Network: Again, these are a series of Facebook groups, but I believe they are only available for states within the U.S. Examples are Florida Genealogy Network, California Genealogy Network, etc.

8. County Facebook Groups: Typically, there are more than a couple Facebook groups dedicated to your targeted county or parish. These might be called something as straight forward as Harlan County, Kentucky Genealogy Group or it might be more wordy like Lee County Virginia Genealogy, History, and Pictures. To find these groups, try putting in a county and state name with the word "genealogy" in the Facebook search group. Then, you will see some options. Always be sure to click "See all results" so you don't miss anything.

County Facebook groups have been vital for creating my family history narrative. What I mean by that is, they often include members that turn out to be cousins. Further, I have found many pictures of ancestors while participating in a county Facebook group.

9. Genealogy Chit-Chat: This is a Facebook group for chatting and venting about genealogy. Did you find an awesome picture of great-grandma today? If so, you can share it here and like minded people will share in your success. Or, if you just need to vent to someone who understands the ups and downs of family history, these are your peeps! Another fun Facebook group that is very similar is Genealogy Addicts Anonymous.

10. Groups for DNA: Though I don't have a favorite DNA Facebook group, there are many! You can type in "DNA" or "DNA Genealogy" and get a whole bunch of options. I would also suggest joining a group that will assist you best in your DNA test results. For example, if you tested with Ancestry, join Ancestry DNA Matching.

Again, there are too many wonderful groups to mention in this post. Do some digging and join the genealogy Facebook frenzy! Happy posting!

Learn More About Using Facebook for Genealogy:
"How'd She Do That?! Using Facebook to Break Through Brick Walls"